‎The purpose of this paper is to extend the mixture factor analyzers (MFA) model \CG{to handle} missing and heavy-\CG{tailed} data‎. ‎In this model‎, ‎the distribution of factors loading and errors arise from the multivariate normal mean-variance mixture of‎ \CG{the} Birnbaum-Saunders (NMVBS) distribution‎. ‎By using the structures covariance matrix‎, ‎we introduce parsimonious MFA based on NMVBS distribution‎. ‎An Expectation Maximization (EM)-type algorithm is developed for parameter estimation‎. ‎Simulations study and real data sets represent the efficiency and performance of the proposed model‎.

Functional analysis was an  important development in the viewpoint of mathematicians in examining the behavior of functions as a set (space of functions). The important concept of single space and the distance of its points, invented by ‎Fréchet‎ in the early 20th century, and the fusion of algebraic and topological concepts eventually led to the establishment of this branch of mathematics around 1933. The first Iranian mathematician to make a mark in this field was Heydar Radjavi, who contributed to the field in Iran from 1963 to 1968. Another branch of this field is called nonlinear functional analysis, and Behzad Djafari-Rouhani was the first specialist in this branch who worked in the country from 19‎87‎ onwards. Another key figure in the development and expansion of this branch in the country is Jafar Zafarani. This article, after outlining the history of functional analysis, will provide a brief overview of his contributions to this field. Through a conversation with him, we will delve into his experiences and insights from various aspects of his professional life.

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

More than 50 years ago, J. Tukey called for a reformation of academic statistics. In “The ‎f‎uture of dataanalysis,” he pointed to the existence of an as-yet unrecognized science, whose subject of interest waslearning from data, or “data analysis.” A recent and growing phenomenon has been the emergence of “data science” programs atmajor universities. This article reviews some ingredients of the current “data science moment,” including recent commentary about data science in the popular media, and about how/whether data science is really different from statistics. The now-contemplated field of data science amounts to a superset of the fields of statistics and machine learning, which adds sometechnology for “scaling up” to “big data.” Because all of science itself will soon become data that can be mined, the imminentrevolution in data science is not about mere “scaling up,” but instead the emergence of scientific studies ofdata analysis science-wide. I present a vision of data science based on the activities of people who are “learning from data,” and I describe an academic field dedicated to improving that activity in an evidence-basedmanner. This new field is a better academic enlargement of statistics and machine learning than today’s data science initiatives, while being able to accommodate thesame short-term goals.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the variation of blackberry accession of Iran in terms of antioxidant activity, phenolic components, fruit quantitative traits and photosynthesis pigments. For this regards, four accessions of wild blackberry including Babolsar, Naharkhoran, BandarGaz and NamakAbroud belongs to Rubus sanctus species, which collected from the northern area of Iran and has been kept in Blackberry Collection of Horticulture Department of Shiraz University were selected and subjected to factorial design based on randomized complete block designs with four replications in two consecutive years. Then, the fruit sanmples were collected in three fruit maturity stages (Black, Red and Green). The results indicated significant differences between accessions in terms of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (range, 46.25-65.50 %), total phenolic content (TPC) (range, 224.67-350.53 mg/100 g DW), flavonoid (range, 531.71-812.37 mg/100 g DW), flavanone (range, 18.47-75.55 mg/100 g DW), anthocyanin (range, 92.23-281.57 mg/100 g FW) along with other traits. Furthermore, the highest quantity of abtioxidant and phenolic compounds were observed in complete fruit maturity stages (Black) compared to other maturity stages. There was a positive and significant association between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. Babolsar genotype with highest quantity of phenol (350.53 mg/100 g DW), anthocyanin (281.57 mg/100 g FW), flavanone (75.55 mg/100 g DW), flavonoids (812.37 mg/100 g DW) and lowest amount of IC50 (46.25 %) identified as the best genotype in terms of nutritional value.

The Helmeted Guineafowls were originated from West Africa and spread widely across the world, due to their ability to adapt to different environmental conditions. The main goal of this investigation was to identify the single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in order to explain the genetic structure of Helmeted Guineafowl in Iran. The whole genome of six Guineafowl ecotypes (18 samples) including Tabriz (blue and grey), Rasht, Tabriz (white), Rasht×Tabriz cross, Shiraz and Lar were sequenced. Paired-end libraries with 125 bp of Guineafowl samples were sequenced by whole genome Illumina platform. The phylogenetic tree analysis based on the maximum likelihood and neighbor joining was constructed. Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were detected across all individual genomes by PLINK software. In the current study, around 14.48 million SNVs were detected. To evaluate the phylogenic relationships among all Guineafowl ecotypes, we applied two different phylogenic methods based on neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood methods. Similar results were reported by these methods, all Helmeted Guineafowl ecotypes were classified separately except Shiraz and Lar ecotypes, which showed the most amount of genetic similarities. The results of runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis indicated that the highest level of inbreeding at all levels of ROH were observed in the white Tabriz ecotype, in contrast Tabriz (blue and grey) ecotype showed the lowest level of inbreeding at all levels of ROH. These findings can provide new insight into genetic structure of Helmeted Guineafowl ecotypes in order to develop the breeding programs.

‎This paper proposes a novel isogeny-based cryptographic protocol that leverages the dual hardness of the isogeny problem and linear code decoding for secure post-quantum key exchange‎. ‎The proposed protocol‎, ‎Isogeny-Based Key Exchange with Error-Correcting Codes (IKEC)‎, ‎offers enhanced security‎, ‎computational efficiency‎, ‎and practical applicability‎, ‎making it a viable alternative to existing schemes like SIDH‎. ‎We provide a rigorous mathematical description of the protocol‎, ‎including key generation‎, ‎key exchange‎, ‎security analysis‎, ‎and performance evaluation‎. ‎Additionally‎, ‎we present a formal analysis‎, ‎comprehensive comparisons with existing protocols‎, ‎and insights into potential attack vectors and countermeasures‎. ‎The discussion concludes with potential real-world applications‎, ‎advanced cryptographic techniques‎, ‎and future research directions‎.

Harirud river with an international nature is shared between Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan and currently there is no treaty among these states regarding the division of its water resources. In recent years, after the construction of the Doosti Dam by Iran and Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, as an upstream state is moving towards hydro-hegemonic policy in the region by building various dams which restrain and divert the water flow of this river in order to decrease the downstream countries’ water rights. On the other hand, due to the high importance of Harirud water resources for Iran, continuing this type of behavior by Afghanistan might cause conflicts and create security risks among these countries in the near future. Therefore, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study aims at examining the issue according to international legal documents in the field of sharing common water resources. Finally, the findings indicate that the best and most practical method for exploitation of Harirud water resources is based on the theory of limited territorial sovereignty and implementation of the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization of common water resources by Afghanistan, without causing significant harm to downstream states.

The existence of antinomic currents within the paradigm of modern law, can lead to the crisis and passing that as well. Bruno Oppetit, considers the formation of European law, the elevation of the place of the custom being source, and the elevation of the role of the judges in the legal order, as influencing factors of the legal relativism. He believes that relativism or pluralism is at odds with modern law. However, the theoretical framework of the modern law of Oppetit is only the substantial legal positivism. In rejecting this theoretical framework and insisting on the fact that modern law must be explained, either in the context of metaphysical rationality or within the framework of spontaneous social rationality, this article aims to answer a this question: Are the factors set out by Bruno Oppetit is contradicted to modern law? Or have they come to the resurgence of this Law, after a period of dominance of legal positivism?